Why trees have so much more to offer than wood and paper

Trees are really rather special. They grow using the natural magic of photosynthesis – the chemical process through which sunlight and carbon dioxide are transformed into sustenance. They are also able to adapt and change to suit their environment and thus cover virtually every corner of this vast planet. What makes them even more special, however, is how much they have to offer us.

Whilst they might, of course, be responsible for the timber that builds our houses and the fruit that fills our bellies and the paper that’s bound in our books, they are also responsible for so many more materials than you might have thought.

Every part of the tree has its use and we’re here to explain why it’s not only the wood that makes trees so valuable, it’s the complete package, even if we never touch it.

Lignin

The pulp that is used to make paper is created using a mix of wood fibres, water and the living glue that keeps trees strong – the lignin. This substance can not only be used to help bind together pulp but is used in many other things from fuel to industrial coatings. Its main commercial purpose, however, is pulp and pulp is a truly remarkable substance since we use it for cardboard, tissue paper, filters and so many other paper derived products.

Other than being used to bind together pulp (that eventually becomes paper), you see, lignin can be used for a variety of other purposes. You’ll find it added to our foods to add extra thickness and texture and you’ll find it in cosmetics too, binding our toothpaste and helping our nail polish dry. It’s a remarkable product and as far as trees are concerned, it’s only the beginning.

Bark

Organically, the bark of a tree exists to protect the sapwood and the heartwood underneath through microbiological healing, and it’s this same property that has seen it being used in medicine as a healing agent for thousands of years, with records dating all the way back to ancient Egypt.

Today, bark is used extensively in medicine to treat everything from back pain to acne. Certain kinds of bark even have anti-inflammatory properties that have been used to help those suffering from asthma and high blood pressure.

Different species of tree will produce bark that’s usable for different reasons. The cork oak tree, for example, produces bark that’s used to produce cork for wine bottles and other purposes. Other barks, meanwhile, are used in everything from glues to the creation of cloths and ropes.

Leaves

The leaves of a tree are essentially solar panels gathering energy from sunlight. But once the leaves have fallen, they are just as useful to us too. From pine leaves being woven into mats and roofing, to henna leaves being crushed to create the natural hair dye and temporary tattoo ink.

Leaves have even been known to be used in the creation of bowls and plates in some Asian countries and can also be used ascompost. Certain leaves can even be used to cook with either as a condiment or as their thick skin and high water content helps them to keep moisture in the food as it’s being cooked – examples you may know already include bay, lime and banana leaves.

Leaves can also be used in medicine. A tea made from the leaves of the Alder tree, for example, can be used to not only treat fever but to heal small wounds. The leaf of the Bael tree, meanwhile, is sacred in Hindu culture, as it can be used to treat several ailments, including asthma. There are hundreds of other examples to choose from too!

Sap and resin

Tree sap is a sticky substance that transports vital nutrients and sugars to the rest of the tree but it also has a wealth of uses socially and commercially.

The sap of the rubber tree is an incredibly flexible material that is used in tyres, shoes and a thousand other products around the world every day. It’s also been known to have anti-inflammatory properties and can help to close wounds due to its natural stickiness.

The thicker tree resin produced by the bark of pine, yew, and fir trees, meanwhile, has been used for thousands of years in soaps, varnishes, and antibacterial remedies.

Indeed, walk into any wellness store or pharmacist anywhere in the world and you’ll likely see stacks of resin being sold as everything from incense to ointment. And isn’t that indicative of just how amazing the humble tree really is?

Seeds

Finally, the seeds that started it all can also be used not only to plant new trees but as sustenance for wildlife and humans too. Oil can also be obtained from seeds which is then used for medicinal purposes and in cooking. For example, the oil obtained from pressing poppy seeds can be used in cooking and as a dietary supplement and sunflower oil, obtained from pressing sunflower seeds, is more commonly used as a cheaper alternative to olive oil.

Given the incredible potential of every tree, it’s never been more important that we ensure our wood products are responsibly sourced from forests that are managed sustainably and with respect. Only then will we be able to continue enjoying the spoils of the very special but often under-appreciated marvel that is the tree.

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What trees can provide

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Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

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Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

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Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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