The Many Uses of Oak

Today, we’re going to take another look at the mighty Oak, but with a focus on a few of its myriad uses.

While we’ve mentioned the general uses of Oak in a previous post, we wanted to take the opportunity to explore three of the most common: sleepers, cladding, and beams.

Oak Sleepers

Also referred to as railroad ties or cross ties, sleepers are a crucial part of railway track construction.

Sleepers are used to ensure the correct spacing, both between each track, and the track’s continual width. This is known as the gauge.

Largely, across Europe and the UK, tropical hardwood short sleepers such as Ekki and Opepe have been replaced by concrete sleepers.

Although sometimes still used in public railways, Oak sleepers offer their own benefits and are very sought after in the landscaping industry where they are usually found in 100x200mm sections and 2 or 2.4m lengths. They are easy to handle and manufacture, offer good insulation against electricity, and their workability allows for them to be used in a variety of situations with ease. They can even be recycled.

Although landscaping sleeper grade is one of the lowest in the industry, oak sleepers can last up to 25 years. This is often attributed to the fact that oak is particularly resistant to rot, resulting in re-usability being less of a problem than chemically treated softwood sleepers.

In the vein of workability, Oak responds well to steam bending, allowing it to easily fit across a winding track or garden design.

Oak Cladding

Whilst softwood is commonly attributed to being a good timber for cladding, primarily for its wide availability, it doesn’t really hold up in terms of the primary function of cladding: durability – especially when compared to naturally durable timbers such as European Oak.

Cladding’s purpose is to provide protection from the elements whilst also providing a layer of insulation to a home. Hardwoods, such as oak, excel at this.

English and French Oak have a good density of 720 kg/m3, only decreasing to around 672 kg/m3 once the wood has been weathered.  It is also rated as a durability class two, which means it can last about 25 years above ground contact without any treatment.

All of this in one package, which is why Oak is so popular in the building sector, and why it should be just as popular for your cladding.

Oak cladding combines all of this – with its great rot and weather resistance – and a timeless look and feel that is nothing short of enviable.

By sticking with the heartwood as your choice, you can also avoid the extra work of treating the sapwood prior to use – although it’s always important to seal the ends of each board.

Oak Beams

Oak beams are one of the most common applications for Oak. Construction-based oak can be graded to a strength class of D30, making it the perfect wood for strong beams.

Structurally speaking, Oak is incredible. This is because as time goes by, Oak gets stiffer. This enables Oak beams to solidify their place in the construction, guaranteeing a structurally sound building.

With its resistance to insect attacks, density, strength class, and durability, Oak is one of the most resilient, safe, and affordable beams you can choose – no wonder it is found from the oldest cathedrals to the nicest country homes and pubs.

If you require Oak timber, for any of the aforementioned reasons or perhaps others, give us a call on 0345 638 1340 – we would be happy to help!

Image: Alexander Tolstykh / Shutterstock.com

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Uses of Oak timber

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Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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