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Have you ever looked at a tree and wondered how timber manufacturers turn that conical shape into long, even boards? If you have, you are not alone. The answer all comes down to sawing, and the different methods of cutting the timber can drastically affect the characteristics of the resulting boards. To dig deeper into timber production, we have taken a look at the different sawing techniques to find the right choice for your project.

Plain Sawn (or Flat Sawn) Timber

Plain sawing (or flat sawing) is the method you will come across most frequently and it is a pretty straightforward way of turning a log into wooden planks. In this technique, the tree is sliced through its diameter, working parallel along the length of the log. It is actually the most sustainable choice thanks to the minimal waste (timber scraps) left over once the log is sawn, so it earns green bonus points from the EcoChoice team!

Plain sawn timber is a cost-effective, efficient sawing technique which creates that well-known cathedral grain throughout the surface. It is also readily available, being the standard choice for most timber products, and a go-to for many construction projects.

Quarter Sawn Timber

The quarter sawn technique is a little more complex than plain sawn. To begin with the log is cut into quarters, and then each quarter is cut into boards, moving in a perpendicular motion to the growth rings. The result is a very straight, vertical grain which looks almost like stripes running through the timber.

As a more complex sawing technique, quarter-sawn timber can come with a bigger price tag when compared to plain sawn. But the timber does tend to be more dimensionally stable (less prone to swelling and warping), able to hold stain or paint better and has a smoother surface finish. You might frequently see quarter sawn timber used for flooring, furniture and applications which rely on structural integrity, such as building foundations.

Alternatives and Specialised Sawing Techniques

There are a few alternative sawing techniques which are seen in specialised applications. These include:

  • Rift sawn timber – involves cutting the log at a slight angle to the radial plane, producing boards with a straight grain pattern similar to quarter-sawn timber but with less waste.
  • Live sawn timber –  involves cutting the log straight through without any rotation, yielding a mix of plain, quarter and rift sawn boards in a single pass.
  • Resawing – refers to cutting boards into thinner slices along their width, often used to create veneers or thinner boards for specialised applications such as box making or instrument building.

Find Sawn Timbers at EcoChoice

Does one of these techniques sound like a fit for your project? If so, we can help. At EcoChoice, we can supply bespoke FSC or PEFC-certified timber boards for sleepers, cladding, decking and more to construction sites around the UK following your specific sawing requirements, measurements, finishes and more.

To start an order, let us know for what you are looking.

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Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

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Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Tim Saunders

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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  • 6 years ago

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

Emma Hurrell

  • 3 years ago

Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

Janet Sycamore

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