Fascinating facts about extinct trees

Extinct trees are not something on everyone’s radar. As children, we are made aware of extinct animals such as the dodo, woolly mammoth and sabre-toothed cat and how they became extinct. It may be surprising to know that extinction crosses into plant and tree species, too, and we’ve been researching our lost tree species to find out a bit more about them and what makes them so fascinating. Let’s take a look at some eye-opening facts about species that are now extinct and remember how unique they were:

The Sigillaria

The Sigillaria tree is notably one of the strangest trees in history. It went extinct 383 million years ago. Before this, the sigillaria existed for around 100 million years. The Sigillaria had some pretty unique features:

  • It had scales, not bark. Unlike today’s trees, the Sigillaria was covered in diamond-shaped scales.
  • The tree’s base was not made up of wood but densely packed leaves instead.
  • For a tree that wasn’t made of wood, it grew incredibly tall, reaching 30 meets or an impressive 100 feet.
  • It reproduced with spores. Today’s trees reproduce by creating seeds. The Sigillaria grew structures with some resemblance to pine cones which would open and disperse the spores.
  • The term Sigillaria tree is actually a bit misleading. It’s more closely related to the lycopsids family, making it closer to a club moss than trees!

Araucarioxylon arizonicum

A member of the conifer family Araucarioxylon arizonicum existed during the Triassic Period around 200 – 250 million years ago. This species is well known for its vast trunks. Here are some interesting facts about this ancient tree:

  • The Araucarioxylon azizonicum is the state fossil of the U.S state of Arizona.
  • Petrified versions of the tree can be found throughout the badlands of northern Arizona, in an area known as the Petrified National Park.
  • This species was giant and could grow as tall as 60 meters
  • The petrified versions of the tree are sometimes referred to as rainbow wood due to the wide variety of fossilised colours of the remains displayed.

Lepidodendron

Similar to the Sigillaria, the Lepidodendron is more closely related to club moss than trees. It has a nickname of the scale tree – given because the fossilised remains look similar to the scales of a reptile.

  • The Lepidodendron had closely packed diamond-shaped leaf scars which looked similar to alligator skin.
  • The petrified remains were often mistaken for the remains of giant reptiles by amateurs during the 19th century.
  • Like Sigillaria, Lepidodendron reproduced through spores rather than seeds.
  • The trees lived a short life, between 10 and 15 years.

Saint Helena Olive

This tree stands out not because it went extinct millions of years ago but is one of the most recent tree species to go extinct in 1994. It was native to the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.

  • St Helena Olive is not a member of the olive family. It is more closely related to the jujube tree.
  • The last living specimen died in captivity in 2003, despite aggressive conservation efforts.
  • In the 19th century, the tree became incredibly rare with only 10-15 species recorded on the island.

Looking back through history, it’s surprising how many trees have quietly become extinct. This shows us how important it is to protect the many endangered species of trees across the world today so they can be enjoyed for years to come.

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Facts about extinct trees

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Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

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There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

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We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

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We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

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We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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