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From where to source your timber (EcoChoice is always a smart option!), to what colour – if any – to stain your Oak, there is a lot to think about when choosing an Oak frame as the main structure of  your building project. But have you considered shrinkage? With accurate measurements and beautiful design, you do not want movement in the timber to ruin your floors and walls. That is where we come in. With years of expert knowledge under our belt, we have everything you need to know about Oak frame shrinkage and how you can avoid it.

Do Oak Frames Shrink?

Although Oak is considered a moderately stable species, Oak frames can experience a degree of shrinkage over time – usually around 5% radially in the first 2-3 years after felling.

As a natural material which contains moisture, it is normal that as Oak dries, it loses some of its size and weight. The amount of shrinkage depends on various factors, including the initial moisture content of the timber, the relative humidity of the environment, and the specific conditions in which the Oak frame is installed.

Despite shrinkage Oak is still a stable, durable building material which is ideal for creating beautiful and lasting buildings. Properly designed and constructed Oak frames include allowances for this natural movement, such as using appropriate joints and connections which allow the timber to expand and contract without compromising the structural integrity of the frame. With a little expertise and some careful planning, the changing size of your timber does not have to affect your frame, and your building can last for centuries to come.

How to Minimise Oak Frame Shrinkage

It is not possible to completely stop Oak frames from shrinking – it is a natural process, after all! But there are ways in which you can minimise how much the size of your timber changes after installation.

The first is by choosing properly seasoned Oak. This means that the timber has already been dried to an appropriate moisture content before construction. Well-dried Oak, also known as AD for air-dried, will have a lower initial moisture content, reducing the amount of shrinkage it undergoes as it has already been pre-shrunk. The timber should also be monitored before installation to ensure the moisture content has not changed.

Prepare For Some Movement

Because it is not possible to completely stop Oak from shrinking, it is crucial that you prepare for some movement when planning your timber frame. There are a couple of ways you can do this, including by creating joints which allow for movement with the help of an experienced Oak frame designer, and minimising the fluctuations of humidity in your environment.

Work With Experts

Shrinkage is a natural characteristic of any timber – including Oak, and designing the frame to accommodate some movement is crucial. That is why we always recommend working with timber experts who are well-experienced in Oak movement to design your frame.

If you have any further questions, our team at EcoChoice will always be happy to help, so do not hesitate to reach out. As suppliers of sustainable timber, we understand the importance of sourcing well-dried Oak, and are always ready to chat about your next order.

Image: rsooll / Shutterstock.com

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Oak frames and shrinking

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Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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