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Whether you are a keen DIYer or just dipping your toes into the world of timber, understanding how to work with both hardwoods and softwoods is essential. From the dense durability of Ekki to the versatility of Pine, each variety of timber brings different characteristics to the table, and learning more about their workability is key to a successful project.

Discover in this guide the essentials of working with hardwoods vs softwoods, the best tools for the job and a few tried-and-tested techniques.

Hardwoods vs Softwoods: The Differences

At Ecochoice, we are always hesitant to create a clear distinction between hardwoods and softwoods. In truth, the only way to separate these two timbers is by looking at the trees they come from rather than the characteristics of the timber.

Because of their slower growth, many hardwoods tend to be denser than softwoods, though this is not a universal truth. Canadian Cedar, for instance, is an incredibly durable and dense timber, but  it is also a softwood.

For the sake of this guide, we are going to look at hardwoods as a denser timber than softwoods. We would, however, recommend taking every species as it comes and looking at individual characteristics to learn more about workability.

Tools for Hardwoods vs Softwoods

For dense, tough hardwoods, you often need specialised equipment. This is because the timber will dull the blades of standard tools and make the whole project a lot harder than it has to be. Carbide-tipped blades and high-quality drill bits are a wise investment if you are working regularly with really dense timbers, e.g. Ipe and Greenheart.

Lightweight softwoods, on the other hand, are much more forgiving. Standard woodworking saws, chisels and drill bits will usually do the trick, and you will find your tools stay sharper for longer. That said, if you are working with Treated Softwoods or a dense softwood species, you may still want to step up your blade quality to handle the tougher timber.

Techniques for Hardwoods and Softwoods

Aside from materials, how you work with hardwoods vs softwoods will also sway the outcome of your project. For dense, strong hardwoods which are not easy to work with, some tips we swear by include:

  • Pre-drilling holes to avoid splitting the timber
  • Using clamps to keep the timber steady
  • Work in shallower, slower strokes rather than deep cuts to protect your blades
  • Sharpen or replace your blades frequently
  • Sand with coarse grits (think 50-60 grit)

Lightweight softwoods are far easier to work with as they will not dull your blades quite so quickly. You should, however, still be careful to avoid the timber splitting. We would advise pre-drilling holes, for instance, and not rushing your work.

Ask Our Team for More Advice

Getting started with a new timber species? While these tips are a great place to start, it is a smart idea to get to grips with the species you plan to use before you start. Learn more about different types of timber in our Species Library. If you cannot find what you are looking for, reach out to our team for help.

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Guide to working with hardwoods and softwoods

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Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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  • 9 years ago

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  • 6 years ago

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Wonderful guys!

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