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Timber has been at the heart of British construction for thousands of years, shaping everything from our earliest homes to the structures along our coast. Thanks to its durability, it has also left a trace of construction over time, helping us uncover secrets of the past and snippets of pre-civilisation human life.

As self-confessed timber enthusiasts, our team at EcoChoice loves delving into the history of timber use in the UK. Learn more in this quick guide about the wonderful story of this resilient, enduring material and the evolution of timber in UK construction and marine use.

First Known Timber Constructions

In the UK, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of timber homes from over 10,000 years ago (8,000 BC), a few thousand years before the official start of ‘civilisation’. These timber-framed buildings were built at the dawn of agriculture, when humans were just learning to farm crops and keep livestock, and the very first towns and cities were beginning to take shape. This was the age of woolly mammoths, giant ground sloths, and British Elk – and, of course, timber construction was already there.

Medieval Timber Construction

By the medieval period, timber building in Britain had evolved into a highly skilled craft with regional styles and techniques that are still admired today. Oak became the preferred structural species thanks to its strength, durability and natural resistance to decay, with carpenters developing increasingly sophisticated framing systems.

Timber-framed houses, barns and halls from this era were typically built around a robust “bay” system, where large vertical posts supported horizontal beams and arched braces. This method created open, spacious interiors and allowed buildings to reach impressive heights and spans without the need for metal fastenings.

Timber in Early Bridge Building

As settlements expanded and trade routes stretched across rivers and valleys, timber became the material of choice for Britain’s earliest footbridges. These timber crossings allowed people and livestock to move safely between communities, connecting the country in a way not possible before.

These early bridges typically used heavy Oak beams laid across riverbanks and supported by timber piles driven into the riverbed. Over time, carpenters refined the designs, developing trestle bridges with triangular bracing which distributed weight more efficiently and resisted fast-moving water. Medieval records describe countless timber bridges maintained by local guilds or monasteries, many of which formed the backbone of regional travel networks.

The Iconic Tudor Homes

We cannot talk about the UK’s history with timber without mentioning Tudor homes. These black and white, exposed Oak beam properties are still renowned for their beauty and architectural interest. Plenty of these homes are still standing, including:

These homes are a testament to the durability of timber in construction, withstanding hundreds of years of wear and tear while still looking absolutely beautiful.

Timber in Marine Construction

Timber played a crucial role in shaping early marine construction. Most well-known is the use of timber in boat building, which dates back to around the same period as the first timber homes. In fact, around 8,000 years ago, a timber boat was being made on the Isle of Wight, where it was left unfinished as sea levels rose and it became buried under the marsh. It was not until the late 20th century that this boat was uncovered, after spending thousands of years buried in the dark.

Over the years, coastal communities have relied heavily on locally available timber. They began with simple structures to withstand tides and catch fish, and when the Romans arrived in Britain, there is clear evidence to show that they were using timber piling in marine construction.

Eventually, marine timber construction led to one of the country’s most notable marine structures: the pier. Early piers were essentially long timber walkways supported by rows of driven piles, extending far enough into the sea to reach deeper water. By the 18th and 19th centuries, as seaside resorts grew in popularity, piers took on a more recreational role and have been used as attractions ever since.

Modern marine constructions still see a lot of timber use, with everything from beach groynes to fenders being made of durable, rot-resistant species.

Learn More About Timber

Timber is, undeniably, our most versatile and sustainable building material. It has shaped our country for thousands of years and continues to do so, taking centre stage in the evolving landscape of eco-friendly construction. To learn more about timber, check out more on the EcoChoice blog.

Looking to purchase sustainably sourced timber for your next construction project? Get in touch to start an order.

Evolution of timber use in the UK

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Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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What our customers say about us

Good quality, great service, fast delivery!

5

Marinella Li

Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

5

Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

5

Tim Saunders

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

5

Emma Hurrell

Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

5

Prem Raja

Always reliable and quality products, easy to deal with company.

5

Stone Zone

4.9

Average rating on Google Reviews

  • 6 years ago

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

Emma Hurrell

  • 9 years ago

Experts in Timber, Nationwide delivery

Joe Middleton

  • 2 weeks ago

Good quality, great service, fast delivery!

Marinella Li

  • 9 years ago

Wonderful guys!

Nicola Edmead

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