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A groyne is a shoreline structure built out from the beach into the sea to intercept sediment movement and reduce erosion caused by longshore drift. Timber groynes are constructed from posts (piles) and horizontal planking, anchored into the seabed and designed to trap beach material, thereby building or stabilising beaches.

The timber species used are critical as groynes sit in one of the harshest environments imginable; alternating exposure to saltwater, waves, abrasion from shingle or pebbles, marine borers (shipworms, gribble) and cycles of wetting/drying.

In short: the wrong timber means a far shorter lifespan, higher maintenance or structural failure.

What makes timber ideal for groyne construction?

When specifying timber for groynes, the ideal material meets three main criteria:

  1. High natural durability (against decay, fungi, marine borers)
  2. High density & strength (to resist wave action, sediment impact and abrasion)
  3. Stability in the marine environment (resists swelling, warping, splitting)

For example, the durability class system identifies the most long-lasting species. A timber in durability class 1 (or use class 5 when in constant ground/sea contact) is ideal.

Other practical considerations include certified sourcing (FSC/PEFC) to ensure legality and sustainability, and ensuring the timber is correctly engineered. This means piles anchored deeply, using steel shoes where needed, and planks spaced and fastened appropriately.

Top Species for  UK Groyne Construction

Here are the key hardwoods typically used today for groynes, with all their strengths and trade-offs:

Greenheart (Durability Class 1)

This tropical hardwood (South America in origin) offers exceptional resistance to rot, fungi and marine borers. Highly dense and structurally strong, it stands up well to constant tidal motion and abrasive pebble/shingle contact.

Ekki (also known as Azobe) (Durability Class 1)

Another tropical hardwood, Ekki, originates from West Africa. It is an extremely hard and heavy West African hardwood with great dimensional stability. It is the perfect choice for long-term sea groynes because of its ability to withstand salt water.

Oak (Durability Class 2)

While not as naturally durable as the tropical hardwoods above, oak remains a great choice, especially when pressure treated to improve its resistance to decay and marine organisms. It offers excellent structural strength, but higher dimensions are usually suggested to compensate for lower durability class.

How to select timber for your coastal defence project

When preparing a new groyne project, always follow these steps:

  1. Evaluate exposure and site conditions: How much abrasion (shingle, waves), marine-borer risk (salt water, tidal zone) and longevity required.
  2. Match to durability/use class: Aim for durability class 1 and use class 5 (full sea/ground contact) where possible.
  3. Choose species appropriate for budget & source:  If budget allows and you want highest performance, go for Ekki or Greenheart. For local sourcing and budget constraints, oak (treated) remains a good choice.
  4. Check certification: Ensure the timber is FSC or PEFC-certified (especially for tropical hardwoods).
  5. Design accordingly: For species of lower strength/durability you will need larger dimensions.
  6. Plan maintenance: Even durable hardwoods benefit from inspection, maintenance for fastenings and replacement of damaged segments.

Why timber groynes remain a smart choice

While rock and concrete groynes may offer ultra-long lifespans, timber groynes bring several major advantages:

  • Use a renewable material and can offer a visually more natural finish.
  • Can integrate with natural habitats and promote ecological enhancement.
  • Offer cost-effective construction in certain settings, especially where timber is locally available or transportation is manageable.
  • Combining high-performance hardwoods with good design and maintenance results in service lives measured in decades rather than years.

Selecting the right timber species for a groyne ultimately comes down to matching specific site demands to the durability, strength and long-term behaviour of the wood. For the UK’s unique marine environment, tropical hardwoods such as Greenheart and Ekki set the benchmark, while cheaper and more locally available European species, such as oak, can be fit for purpose with careful specification, increased section sizes and the right level of protection.

Ready to fortify your coastline with timber that’s up to the job?

Get in touch with EcoChoice, the UK specialist in FSC & PEFC certified marine-grade hardwoods for groynes, sea-defence structures and civil water-engineering projects.

With proven expertise in species like Ekki and Greenheart (key for use-class 5, marine contact applications) and decades of supply to groyne and sea-defence programmes, EcoChoice helps you match specification to site conditions and durability demands.

Make your next coastal defence project count:

  • Call 0345 638 1340 or email sales@ecochoice.co.uk to discuss your groyne or waterfront structure. (Ecochoice)
    • Ask about species selection, lead-times, custom sizing and engineered solutions for marine exposure.
    • Request project-specific documentation, durability class data and installation guidance to ensure the timber you pick is fit for purpose.

Don’t compromise on performance, sustainability or appearance. Choose timber that’s built for the waves and backed by experts. Choose EcoChoice.

Coastal defences

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Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

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Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Tim Saunders

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

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  • 6 years ago

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

Tim Saunders

  • 9 years ago

Wonderful guys!

Nicola Edmead

  • 9 years ago

Great service, quality products and very easy to deal with. Thank you.

Malcolm Coury

  • 3 years ago

Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

Janet Sycamore

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