What the most common building materials are doing to our planet

The construction industry currently finds itself at a green crossroads. As one of the world’s largest and most profitable industries, it’s also responsible for 23% of the world’s air pollution and a whopping 50% of both global climatic change and landfill waste according to research by construction blog Bimhow.

According to the Green Building Council, the UK construction sector uses more than 400 million tons of material a year, most of which has an adverse impact on the environment. However, construction firms can turn things around if they are able to take a serious look at the materials being used.

So how exactly are the most commonly used materials impacting our planet and what alternative materials should we be looking at for a greener future together?

Concrete

Concrete remains one of the most common building materials worldwide and with good reason – it’s cheap, durable, and (so far) plentiful.

However, cement production accounts for almost 5% of worldwide CO2 production, primarily because carbon dioxide is produced at two points during its production – the manufacturing stage and the thermal decomposition stage.

The carbon footprint of 1m3 (1 cubic metre) of concrete is around 150kg

Steel

Of all the metals used in construction, steel is amongst the most environmentally-friendly. It has a lower embodied carbon impact than concrete and generates less waste.

However, it’s still not as sustainable as wood and is heavy enough to require more energy to transport from location to location, which has a knock-on effect when it comes to carbon emissions.

The carbon footprint of 1m3 (1 cubic metre) of steel is around 18.5 tonnes.

Plastic (PVC)

As a building material, PVC is strong and has the added benefit of being quite resistant to weather, sunlight, oil and chemicals. However, it’s far from the most environmentally friendly of building materials. Oil and chlorine are used in its production (neither of which are exactly environmentally renowned) and it’s neither degradable or biodegradable.

Indeed, it’s been reported that PVC is perhaps the material that presents the most direct environmental impact of all building materials and yet over 33 million tons of it are still produced and used every year!

The carbon footprint of 1m3 of PVC is around 5 tonnes

Timber

We’ve already established that more traditional building materials are having a major impact on carbon emissions. Compared to most common alternatives, however, timber is significantly more environmentally friendly, with a material ECI per m2 of pile planking or sheet piling of just €0.19 compared to €26.44 for steel and €4.79 for PVC.

Not only that, but timber production has been proven to absorb CO2 and is significantly more renewable than steel and plastic. Indeed, according to Wood for Good, timber homes could effectively be used as  ‘carbon banks’ to capture and store almost 4 million tonnes of CO2 every year!

The carbon footprint of 1m3 (1 cubic metre) of timber will depend on the specific wood used. Since timber is mostly made of carbon sucked from the atmosphere as the tree grows, the net result of using timber in your construction project will usually be negative emissions, which means your oak frame, decking, or cladding actually help to store carbon.

As an example: timber from Sweden has a net emission of 13-1502 = -1.49Kg of CO2 for every 1kg used (1m3 of Swedish Pine is about 530kg but it stores 789kg of CO2).

Wooden futures

Of course, the timber sector has suffered from something of an image problem in recent years, with some linking it to  widespread deforestation. However, the vast majority of the timber used in construction is sourced sustainably, particularly when compared to other more common materials.

Timber is a versatile and surprisingly strong building material that is lighter (so puts greater ease on transportation and foundations), more sustainable and easier to use than many common alternatives. So, why are only 25% of new houses in the UK built with timber framing?

Maybe due to deeply ingrained myths and misconceptions surrounding it. But hopefully, we’ve been able to assuage some of those fears and help you to understand the environmental and economic benefits of using timber in future construction projects.

Sources 

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Common building materials environmental impacts

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Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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What our customers say about us

Good quality, great service, fast delivery!

5

Marinella Li

Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

5

Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

5

Tim Saunders

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

5

Emma Hurrell

Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

5

Prem Raja

Always reliable and quality products, easy to deal with company.

5

Stone Zone

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Average rating on Google Reviews

  • 6 years ago

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

Tim Saunders

  • 3 years ago

Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

Janet Sycamore

  • 6 years ago

Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

Prem Raja

  • 6 years ago

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

Emma Hurrell

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