What to consider when designing your timber decking?

Decking is a popular choice in gardens and is often an easier alternative to paving (it is definitely lighter). It can work for anything – from garden patios through to external restaurant areas and even beach-front piers.

However, with such a range of uses, there is much to consider when choosing the right timber decking for your design.

Decking provides the perfect oasis for enjoying outdoor dining or relaxing in the sun. An absolute bonus is that timber decking looks good anywhere and can be either contemporary or traditional in design.

As with any build project, there are considerations to be made to make sure the area is fit for purpose and to keep tight reins on the budget. It’s important to consider lots of aspects when laying a new deck.

Here are some questions to take into consideration for your timber decking:

What is the terrain like?

Is the area flat, sloping, or bumpy? If the answer is the latter, you may want to consider calling in specialist landscaping contractors who can safely operate diggers or soil compacting machinery.

Depending on the size of the area, there might be a lot of extra considerations relating to labour costs. Especially if it needs to be levelled or built up to accommodate the set requirements.

Where will the decking be built?

Is the timber decking to be wholly in the sun or a shaded area? If a mix of both, will there be natural shading, or will the design require a pergola or screen for protection against a prevailing wind and bad weather? Location will determine the type of timber to use. Will trees, shrubs, boundaries, and buildings provide privacy but increase cleaning and maintenance?

The great thing is that almost anything is possible to incorporate: features such as planter boxes, seats, trellis, pergolas, storage boxes, sandpits, and ponds. Don’t forget there will probably be the need for a handrail and balustrade.

Timber comes in various species, strength and durability grades and for raised level decks you will most likely need to use the appropriate structural grade, for example, grade C16 or C24.

In these cases, it’s best to enlist the help of a structural engineer to help specify the joists and decking spans and strength grades.

What will the decking be used for?

Is the deck intended to be a private space for a domestic property – or will the decking be for public use with heavy and constant footfall like a beachfront pier? Is the deck primarily for adults, for entertaining or for family use with a children’s play area – in which case, will it become slippery and need regular cleaning or the addition of anti-slip strips? Defining the type of use will help you determine your decking needs including what profile: smooth, reeded, or grooved.

What weight will it need to accommodate?

Decking areas are often used to support hot-tubs or free-standing swimming pools. These hold exceptional weights in which case you’ll need to factor such loads in the substructure calculations

Or, perhaps it will be used as a base for a garden pavilion, shed, conservatory, or summer house to be added later? If so, you will need to make sure that the structural specification of your deck will stand the test of time.

Specifying your materials

Hardwoods are more expensive but offer greater durability without the need for chemical impregnation. They are often also stronger, so provide better value when heavier loads are designed.

Impregnated softwoods, however, are usually the cheapest, but they are also less durable and strong. However, as long as you take care of it during and after installation, then there’s no reason why your decking shouldn’t last for at least a good few years.

While they are most often hidden from view, the joists are going to be the parts of the structure that take most of the weight and can also be subject to shade and moisture. This means they need to be as durable as possible.

Wondering what type of board to use for the surface of the deck? There is a wide range of timbers and styles available providing variations in grain, pattern, and colour depending on the look and feel you’re going for.

Stainless steel screws are often used when fixing decking. Joists are a vital part of the decking structure as they are quite literally what holds everything together. Learn about decking substructures here.

If you would like to find out more about our timber decking, please get in touch. Call us on 0345 638 1340 – or drop us an email at sales@ecochoice.co.uk.

Image:  ungvar / Shutterstock.com

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Designing timber deck

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Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

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Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

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