The Real Names of Britain’s Favourite Trees

Lockdown is an ideal time to enjoy the beauty of nature. Today, we’re going to take a look at some of the most popular trees native to Britain. Read on to learn their intriguing botanical names and some additional fascinating facts.

But first… How do we name our trees and plants?

Trees across the globe are named with a hierarchical Latin process, which has been in use for hundreds of years. Within this system, there are three parts, or ‘levels’. These are Genus, Species, and Cultivar.

The botanical names of trees are always written in this way, with the first word (the Genus) being capitalised and the full name (the Genus and the Species) being italicised.

The cultivar relates to the ‘cultivated variety’ of the plant, which is often found though humans growing new types of plant. This is also referred to as the subspecies and it is not included within the botanical name.

1) The Alder Tree

Also known as the Common Alder or Black Alder, the Alder tree is native to many European locations as well as south-west Asia and northern Africa.

Its botanical name is Alnus glutinosa (‘glutinosa’ refers explicitly to the trees shoots and young leaves being sticky). Originally, the Alder’s botanical name was Betula alnus and was then changed to Betula glutinosa. This was because they were believed to be of the same Genus as Birch trees.

The colour of its timber is a light red-brown. With age, it can become much darker and grow into a deeper red tone. Its grain is typically straight but can be irregular depending on the initial growth of the tree.

Some of the common uses of Alder wood include plywood, charcoal (specifically for gunpowder), and turned items.

2) The Scots Pine

Referred to as the Scots Pine in the UK, the Scotch Pine in the US, and occasionally even the Baltic Pine, it is native to most of Eurasia, all the way from Western Europe right to Eastern Siberia.

In the Scots Pine’s northern reaches, it can be spotted most commonly 3,300ft+ above sea level, whereas in its southern ranges, it thrives at 3900ft-8500ft above sea level.

It’s botanical name Pinus sylvestris places it within the Pinaceae family which also includes Cedar, Fir, Larch, and Spruce.

There are over 100 sub-species of Pinus sylvestris described in various pieces of botanical literature, but only 4 of these are widely accepted: hamata, mongolica, nevadensis, and cretacea.

The timber of the Scots Pine can differ based on whether it is created from the heartwood (which is often a light red-brown), or sapwood (which can be a pale yellow to practically white colour). Whether heartwood or sapwood, the grain is always straight.

There is a variety of uses for pine wood. At Ecochoice, we offer special thermodified pine decking and cladding, including Abodo (which makes great cladding). There is also a wonderful new type of modified pine, OrganoWood, where Swedish pine is treated with organic compounds (instead of heavy chemicals) to make it more durable. Visit our website to find out more about different cladding and decking options.

3) The White Willow

The White Willow is a tree native to Europe and Western & Central Asia. It’s only common name is derived from the appearance of the underside of its leaves.

It is defined as a Deciduous tree meaning it sheds its Latines at maturity.

The White Willow’s botanical name is Salix alba. The flowers of the tree appear as catkins (also known as ament), which are small cylindrical flower clusters that have either inconspicuous petals or none at all.

This particular tree is known to form a common hybrid with the Crack Willow, also known as the Salix fragilis, to make the Salix x rubens Schrank.

The Salix alba itself has 5 known variants, one of which is another hybrid. These are: caerulea, vitellina, vitellina-tristis, sericea, and Salix x sepulcralis ‘Chrysocoma’.

The timber of the White Willow is a tanned pinkish-brown colour at its heartwood, whereas the sapwood is often a clear yellow-white. Its grain is commonly straight with a uniformed texture across the wood. Some of its common uses include baskets, furniture, and cricket bats.

If you’ve enjoyed our short foray into the world of botanical facts, be sure to let us know! In the meantime, you can find lots of information on our available timbers here, or call us on 0345 638 1340 where we will be happy to assist you.

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Britain's favourite trees

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Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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