Spotlight on Species: Iroko

The Iroko tree is sometimes known as the logo, lok or oji wood with many different names across Africa. It’s often referred to as African teak although it’s unrelated to the teak family. It’s also sometimes referred to as Mvule. This article will shine a spotlight on the species.

What Is Its Botanical Name?

The botanical name of the Iroko tree is Chlorophora excelsa. It’s from the genus Milicia of the family Moraceae. It has also been known as the Milicia excelsa or Milicia regia.

Where Is the Iroko Tree Found?

The Iroko tree is a large hardwood tree that is found in the tropics of Africa, especially on the west coast.

It’s often found in countries like Ghana, Angola and Mozambique but can be found in the east in countries such as Tanzania.

What Does the Iroko Tree Look Like?

Leaves of the iroko tree

A large deciduous hardwood tree, the Iroko tree grows to an average of 164 feet (50 metres) and a diameter of up to 250cm and can be branchless for the first 20 metres.

The stem is usually cylindrical and mostly without buttresses. The bark tends to be pale or dark grey.

What Does Iroko Timber Look Like?

Iroko timber is often likened to teak, despite not being part of the teak family, because of its resemblance in both colour and grain.

It tends to be yellow-brown with an interlocked grain and a coarse texture. The heartwood of an Iroko tree is usually yellow to golden, or medium brown from exposure to light. The colour tends to darken over time before it weathers to a beautiful silvery grey.

Iroko decking example

Sometimes large hard deposits of calcium carbonate may be found – if this is the case, the Iroko wood around them may be darker in colour.

What Varieties Are There?

There are two varieties that make up the timber known as Iroko – Milicia Excelsa and Milicia Regia.

What Properties Does Iroko Timber Have?

Iroko timber is not only strong but it’s incredibly durable and rot-resistant. It can be extremely easy to work. it’s tough and dense too.

It also does not require regular preservative treatments when used outdoors and is fairly resistant to insects.

Iroko timber is also known for glueing and finishing well.

What Are the Main Uses of Iroko Timber?

There are a variety of uses for Iroko timber which include construction and furniture. It has been chosen in the past for pews in religious buildings such as the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in the Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). It’s also used in boat building too.

It’s a great exterior wood for outdoor furniture, decking and general landscaping due to its resistance to rot and the fact that it does not need preservative treatments.

Did You Know?

The Iroko tree can live up to 500 years! There are also many tales of the supernatural surrounding the Iroko tree and many people in Africa worship the trees because they believe the spirits of their ancestors live on in them.

You may already be familiar with the Iroko tree without even realising it, as it features in the classic Disney film The Lion King.

Images: Emdad Rahman / Shutterstock.com, NareshSharma / Shutterstock.com

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Spotlight on Iroko

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Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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