Getting up close and personal: Softwood characteristics under the microscope

When it comes to choosing timber for construction projects, one of the biggest decisions you will make is whether to go for softwood or hardwood. This is not always straightforward. While the names sound simple enough, the real differences between the two go far beyond being hard or soft, making the answer to this question a little more nuanced.

Let’s zoom in on how softwoods differ from hardwoods, why that matters and which is right for your project.

Softwoods vs Hardwoods: What are the Differences?

The terms softwood and hardwood do not actually refer to how hard the timber is, but instead describe the type of tree.

• Softwoods come from coniferous trees, such as Pine and Cedar, which have needles and cones. They grow faster and are generally lighter timbers which are easier to work.
• Hardwoods, on the other hand, come from deciduous trees, such as Oak and Ekki, which have broad leaves and take longer to mature, often resulting in denser, heavier timber.

However, it is important not to paint all softwoods and hardwoods with the same brush. While hardwoods can be denser and tougher, it is also possible to have a softer hardwood (e.g. Balsa) and a tough softwood (e.g. Cedar).

Softwoods Under a Microscope

Under the microscope, softwoods have a simpler cell structure. They are largely made up of long, straight tracheids, which handle both water transport and strength. This simplicity gives softwood its lightweight, flexible nature, making it ideal for projects which need easy workability. If you are taking on DIY projects, for instance, starting with a softwood could be a smart choice!

Our top picks for softwood timber species include:

• Cedar
• Larch
• Douglas Fir
• Pine

What About Treated Softwoods?

Treated softwoods bring added durability or stability to some of the more budget-friendly timbers, making them more suitable for external applications. At EcoChoice, for instance, we supply decking and cladding projects with ThermoWood.

This innovative process involves heating timber (usually Pine or Spruce) to over 200°C in a controlled environment, with no chemicals involved. The heat alters the timber at a cellular level, changing how the timber reacts to moisture and temperature.

The result? Far greater dimensional stability (less swelling and shrinking), improved durability and excellent resistance to rot.

In essence, Thermowood takes the best of softwood (renewability, lightness and affordability) and supercharges it for outdoor performance.

Find Softwood Timber at EcoChoice

At EcoChoice, we supply softwood timber for projects around the UK. All our softwoods are sustainably sourced from responsibly managed forests where conservation and biodiversity are championed. From Cedar to thermomodified Pine, you can be certain you are choosing sustainable softwoods when you work with us.

To learn more about our softwoods or start a timber order, get in touch with our team.