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In the world of timber, there exists a lot of jargon. To cut through the confusion and make sure everybody chooses the right wood for their construction projects, our team at EcoChoice likes to keep things simple. In this guide, we will be looking at the difference between air-dried, kiln-dried and fresh-sawn wood so that you know which would suit your needs.

Air-Dried Wood

Air-dried wood refers to timber logs and planks which are left to dry out in the open or in sheds. Usually, the timber is left for months or even years, as the moisture is given time to evaporate slowly from the planks.

The wood is ready when the moisture in the planks and in the air around them is the same. At this point, the timber is ready to use, although anything closer to 25% is already much more stable than the original 45-50% water content!

Many timber suppliers will place their timber into large well ventilated sheds in the early months of the year so that they are ready when the weather warms up. Summer heat speeds up drying, and by the time the weather becomes chillier again, the timber is much dryer.

Air-dried logs take much longer to weather so they’re usually sawn into boules. This helps the flow of air and the drying, making it ideal for projects where aesthetics are important, for example exterior cladding. You can also air-dry your own timber at home by building a log store, which is handy if you need firewood.

Kiln-Dried Wood

Kiln-dried timber is a little different from air-dried timber. Rather than leaving the wood to dry naturally over many months, the planks and logs are put in huge fan ovens, essentially ‘slow roasting’ the wood. The heat drastically accelerates how quickly water evaporates and can create drier timber, with a moisture content of around 12 to 18%.

Typically, kiln-dried timber takes anywhere from 10 hours to a few days to dry fully. The timber is very closely monitored so that the whole of the plank dries at the same time and cracking is reduced.

Once the wood is fully dried, it is stored away from moisture, ready to be processed and shipped straight to your construction site. Of course due to the energy intensity, KD wood can be expensive.

Air-Dried vs. Kiln-Dried

To work out which is right for you, it is best to look at the advantages and disadvantages of both.

Advantages of air-drying timber include:

  • Bigger sizes available (beams for restoration is a prime market)
  • Eco-friendly way to dry timber
  • Retains natural colour after planing or sanding.

Of course, though, you have less control when air-drying timber, but from a construction point of view it is a great option.

Kiln-dried timber advantages include:

  • Less prone to cracking
  • Dries well with a precise moisture content
  • Faster to dry
  • High heat kills bugs

However, it is more expensive than air-dried timber, can absorb moisture quickly, and loses some of its natural colour.

Fresh Sawn Wood

Fresh sawn wood is not a drying process but it is a process which is usually done to air-dried timber and not kiln-dried timber. It refers to cutting the wood with a band saw, which has a fairly small toothed blade compared to other options. This creates a more rustic finish which is still neatly sawn. It is an even surface which is still a little rough to the touch.

Source Timber with EcoChoice

At EcoChoice, we supply construction projects around the UK with timber processed to your specifications. To learn more, get in touch with us today and start your timber order.

Image: Yevhenii Chulovskyi / Shutterstock.com

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Timber type differences

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Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

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Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Tim Saunders

Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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Fantastic company- Mike and the team are the best in the business- worked with them for many years.

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Stone Zone

  • 9 years ago

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  • 6 years ago

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

Tim Saunders

  • 4 weeks ago

Good quality, great service, fast delivery!

Marinella Li

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