Important cladding design considerations

With the versatility of timber cladding, there are several design aspects to take into account. Below we explore some of the important aspects to consider at the design stage of your latest build project.

Cladding design, think profile styles

Timber cladding can be installed in many configurations. It is important to choose the best profile style for the build exterior. Timber length also needs to be carefully considered – does your prefered timber species come in short or long lengths?.

Look at the area to be clad and the best orientation – will the timber cladding be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

There are several different profiles styles, including tongue and groove, rectangular, feather edge, shiplap, rhombus, and parallelogram.

Cladding joints for each of these options are closed, meaning less gaps, apart from parallelogram profile – where cladding joints are open, so rarely used.

Therefore, profile styles are something to consider with fluctuations in the weather and depending on project location.

There is a wide choice of standard profiles available in softwoods, modified woods, and hardwoods. Dimensions and styles can vary depending on your supplier.

At Ecochoice, we always suggest obtaining samples first and agree on quality parameters before confirming your selection.

Top tip: Refer to British Standard BS 8605, External Timber Cladding Part 1: Method of specifying. for guidance.

Only specify cladding manufactured under a recognised quality scheme such as the TDCA CladMark/ ISO09001. You can then feel confident in your choice and not need to worry about surprises later.

For more references, there’s also this cladding manual by Trada.

Ease of maintenance

Ease of access is important for maintenance, repair or replacing boards due to damage. So, consider the level of access at the design stage – this will save you time, cost and headaches if in the future you need to replace or repair any boards.

For example, if access is easy and the client is happy with regular maintenance costs then a wider range of options can be considered. In some cases, though access will be limited making maintenance harder, then timber with medium to high durability is a better option.

Minimising the impact of movement

as the weather changes wood will expand or contract. But did you know that moisture content of external timber cladding will fluctuate from around 12% in summer to 20% in winter – or after heavy rain? We recommend that for the large part, at the time of installation, timber cladding should have a moisture content of approximately 16%.

Therefore, the timber grade you choose and the way it is installed needs to consider temperature and humidity levels to allow for wood expansion and contraction.

Otherwise, the changes could result in gaps which will in turn compromise weather protective treatments and expose the under surface.

Performance and durability

The best timber performance and durability will come from the choice in material specification and subsequent attention to detail when installing your timber cladding.

The biggest issues seem to occur when cladding has been installed with the wrong moisture content compared to its environment, or when it has been installed or maintained badly.

In these cases, it’s not just the impact of water damage, it can also be breeding grounds for fungi, decay, and insects.

How to protect timber cladding?

  • Read our guide on maintaining cladding.
  • The better the natural properties, such as natural durability, the better protected the timber is.
  • For lower timber grades, with more sap, knots, shakes and cracks, it is recommended to use a good wood protection process to improve durability.
  • Use the appropriate coatings and finishes as specified.
  • Consider location when determining the timber choice.
  • Select the appropriate profile and timber direction.
  • Ensure the timber has the correct moisture level when installed.
  • Only use reputable builders and maintenance workers.
  • Ensure the timber complies to British Standards and adheres to fire protection laws with the correct fire retardant.

Here at Ecochoice, we can tick all of the above. If you would like to find out more about our exterior timber cladding options, please get in touch.

Call us on 0345 638 1340 – or drop us an email at sales@ecochoice.co.uk.

Images: TDCA

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Choosing cladding design

Ask Joe! Expert industry advice

Unsure which timer is best for your project?

Our timber experts have years of experience and will be able to match the perfect species to your project, as well as provide a quote for sustainable timber at highly competitive prices.

Frequently asked questions

Do you supply timber for domestic uses?

Yes, we supply timber for domestic applications as well as commercial and public constructions. From garden decking to shed cladding, we will be happy to supply smaller deliveries for home use.

Is your timber FSC-certified?

Yes, all timber we supply is FSC or PEFC certified and sourced from independently verified responsibly managed forests. If we can’t find your request in FSC/PEFC certified timber we’ll suggest an alternative that is certified or clearly note that the offer is minimum EUTR.

Where does EcoChoice deliver to?

EcoChoice delivers to construction sites, warehouses and homes across the UK, as long as there’s access and unloading for our trucks.

What are the best timber species for exterior use?

There are many different timber species suitable for exterior use and which is the best for your project depends on your requirements. In general, though, we recommend EkkiGreenheartOpepe and Oak for heavier civil/marine uses. For intermediary external use such as decking, where the timber needs to be both strong and durable but not on the same level as civil engineering (bridgespiling, etc) we usually supply CumaruIpe, Jatoba, and Balau. And for the lighter exterior use where the timber is non-structural such as cladding, we deliver CedarLarchThermowood and others.

Which timber is the most durable?

Durability Class 1 timbers are the most durable. This of course depends on the use (hazard) class they’ll be in service for. For direct ground and water contact such as sleepers, fenders, marine piling, etc, Ekki and Greenheart are known to be the most durable timbers available. For decking and cladding where there’s no direct ground contact (use class 3) there’s a much wider range of timbers such Larch, Cedar, Thermo modified Pine or Ash and others.

What’s the best timber for internal cladding?

Internal cladding, where your timber is not in ground and not exposed to the elements can be classed as either use-class 1 or 2 – in which case most timbers will meet this durability criteria. That is not to say they’ll be the best, since internal environments have lower humidity (moisture) levels than outside. So in these cases, it’s best to go for a kiln-dried timber cladding board as these are more stable and delivered already in lower MC (moisture content) than the usual fresh sawn timbers sent to external applications. A word of caution – as timber reacts to variations in moisture, it’s best to avoid cladding any areas inside your bathroom.

How can I make decking less slippery?

The first thing is to ensure your deck boards are kept clean from leaves and other debris which will, over time, cover the surface and make it more slippery. Grooved boards can be used to improve grip if installed and used perpendicular to traffic, so especially useful in narrow passages and footbridges. Lastly, you can add our Grip-Choice strips: these are a mix of epoxy with aggregates that add gripping ridges to your deck area. Gripchoice is an easy way to make decking less slippery and safer, especially over large areas or where there’s high traffic. We can pre-install Grip-Choice strips for your decking before delivery or ship the strips separately to add to your existing deck’s grooves as a retro-fit solution.

What wood machining services do you offer?

We can offer planing, sawing, drilling and profiling of rough-sawn wood to any profile you require: from handrails to large port fenders.

Can you supply pre-drilled timber?

Yes, we will be happy to provide pre-drilled timber which is tailored to your needs for quick installation, thus saving you valuable time on site.

What cladding profiles do you supply?

We provide a wide range of cladding profiles, including tongue and groove, featheredge and shiplap. You can check the standard profiles here – but we can also match or custom make profiles to suit your specific needs.

Does timber change colour?

Yes, timber is well-known for changing colour over time. Some species can darken quickly right after installation, and like most untreated wood will eventually weather to a beautiful silver-grey. Interior timber is less likely to change colour (depending on conditions), and timber can be stained, painted or treated with UV-resistant oils to reduce colour change.

Do I need to treat exterior timber?

Some timbers such as Oak and Ekki, can withstand the strains of exterior use without any treatment. However, to extend the lifespan and maintain the aesthetic of your wood, we do recommend treating your timber with stains and oils. Pre-treated timber, such as ThermoWood and OrganoWood, are low-maintenance options which are more durable, but can have their life service extended by applying a clean and stain maintenance schedule.

Do I need to treat interior timber?

Depends on what area the timber is being used. For floor joists and timber rafters, it is common to see timber treated, or least very well kiln-dried. Other uses such as flooring may benefit from varnishing while internal timber cladding for decorative purposes shouldn’t require any treatment other than if you want to change its colour with different types of stains or oils.

Where are you based?

We’re based in Cambridge, UK, and coordinate multiple sawmills all over the world to manufacture your order. We then organise delivery with a range of hauliers so that your orders gets to your site on time.

What are the usual decking sizes?

Timber decking is usually 21x140mm or similar. For heavier applications where there’s more load and traffic, we deliver 35 or 45mm thick boards (such as Hastings Pier). Narrower boards are also possible: 95-90mm is a standard width – but we can manufacture whatever size you require.

What are the usual cladding sizes?

Typical cladding section sizes are 18×95 and 18x145mm although we can always custom make a section to suit your project’s design requirements. That includes waney edge boards in Oak or Chestnut as well as extra wide 195mm boards.

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Always helpful! One of our valued TDCA DeckMark and CladMark accredited supplier members which means their quality procedures are routinely audited and stand up to scrutiny giving you extra peace of mind.

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Janet Sycamore

Having needed the supply of cladding, decking boards and other specified timbers through out the year Eco choice have been very helpful in sourcing the specified timbers and quantities required at a very competitive price.

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Great quality, service and price. A pleasure to deal with. I would highly recommend Eco Choice.

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